Basically, all you have to do to do this experiment is to put the regular sugar in a beaker and add a little concentrated sulfuric acid to it. (Before adding sulfuric acid, you can mix the sugar with a small amount of water and moisten it.)
Sulfuric acid evaporates sugar in water in a highly exothermic reaction, releasing heat, steam and sulfur oxide fumes. Apart from the smell of sulfur, this reaction gives the environment a more caramel-like smell. The white sugar turns into a black charred tube overflowing the outside of the beaker.
Sugar is a carbohydrate, so when you remove water from the molecule, you essentially leave elemental carbon. Dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which water is lost from the reacting molecules. Dehydration reaction is a subgroup of elimination reactions.
C12H22O11 (Sugar) + H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid) -> 12C (Carbon) + 11 H2O (Water) + Acid and Water Mixture
Even though sugar loses water in its structure as a result of dehydration, the amount of water in the environment remains the same. (Conservation of mass) Some water remains as water in acid. Since the reaction is exothermic, most of the water will boil and become steam.
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